MANUAL THRUSTS DELIVERED TO CREATE PRESSURE THAT CAN HELP EXPEL AN AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN AN ADULT OR CHILD. ALSO KNOWN AS HEIMLICH MANEUVER
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ACCESSORY MUSCLES:
MUSCLES OF THE NECK, CHEST, AND ABDOMEN THAT CAN ASSIST DURING RESPIRATORY DIFFICULTY
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AGONAL RESPIRATIONS:
AN ABNORMAL BREATHING PATTERN CHARACTERIZED BY SLOW, SHALLOW BREATHS THAT TYPICALLY OCCUR FOLLOWING CARDIAC ARREST
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ALVEOLI:
THE AIR SACS IN THE LUNGS WHERE GAS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE
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APNEA:
LACK OF BREATHING, ABSENCE OF RESPIRATORY ACTIVITY
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ASPHYXIA:
TO SUFFOCATE; CAN BE A RESULT OF CHEMICAL OR MECHANICAL MEANS
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ASPIRATION:
INHALING OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES INTO THE TRACHEA, BRONCHIAL TREE, AND LUNGS
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ASTHMA:
A REACTIVE AIRWAY DISEASE; A STIMULANT USUALLY TRIGGERS A RESPONSE BY THE BODY THAT INVOLVES THE CONSTRICTION OF THE BRONCHIOLES
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AUSCULTATION:
LISTENING FOR SOUNDS WITHIN THE BODY, USUALLY WITH A STETHOSCOPE
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BAG-MASK DEVICE:
AN AID FOR PULMONARY RESUSCITATION; MADE UP OF A FACE MASK, SELF-REFILLING BAG, AND VALVES THAT CONTROL THE ONE-WAY FLOW OF AIR. ALSO REFERRED TO AS A BAG-VALVE MASK (BVM)
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BAG-VALVE-MASK:
VENTILATION DEVICE CONSISTING OF A SELF-INFLATING BAG, A ONE-WAY VALVE, A MASK, AND AN OXYGEN RESERVOIR; USED TO HELP SOMEONE WHO IS NOT BREATHING VENTILATE WITH AN EMT’S ASSISTANCE
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BIOLOGICAL DEATH:
OCCURS APPROXIMATELY FOUR TO SIX MINUTES AFTER ONSET OF CLINICAL DEATH AND RESULTS WHEN THERE IS AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF BRAIN CELL DEATH
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BRADYPNEA:
RESPIRATORY RATE SLOWER THAN EIGHT RESPIRATIONS PER MINUTE
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BRADYPNIC:
SLOW BREATHING
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BRONCHI:
THE TWO MAJOR BRANCHES OF THE TRACHEA INTO EACH LUNG
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BRONCHIOLES:
SMALLER TUBES THAT CONNECT THE BRONCHI TO THE ALVEOLI
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CARDIAC ARREST:
THE ABSENCE OF A HEARTBEAT
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CHEST THRUSTS:
MANUAL THRUSTS DELIVERED TO CREATE PRESSURE THAT CAN HELP EXPEL AN AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN AN INFANT OR IN PREGNANT OR OBESE PATIENTS
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CLINICAL DEATH:
THE MOMENT WHEN BREATHING AND HEART ACTIONS STOP
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CRICOID PRESSURE:
ALSO KNOWN AS THE SELLICK MANEUVER; A TECHNIQUE USED TO REDUCE COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION WHEN USING A POCKET MASK; CAN REDUCE INCIDENCE OF GASTRIC INFLATION, REGURGITATION, AND ASPIRATION OF THE GASTRIC CONTENTS; ACCOMPLISHED BY PLACING FINGERS ON THE BASE OF THE THYROID CARTILAGE ON THE CRICOTHYROID MEMBRANE AND APPLYING PRESSURE
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CRICOID RING:
A FIRM CARTILAGE RING JUST INFERIOR TO THE LOWER PORTION OF THE LARYNX
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CROUP:
A VIRAL INFECTION TYPICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH A SEAL-LIKE BARK AND FOUND MOSTLY IN CHILDREN
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CYANOSIS:
BLUISH DISCOLORATION OF THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES; A SIGN THAT BODY TISSUES ARE NOT RECEIVING ENOUGH OXYGEN
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DIAPHRAGM:
THE LARGE, DOME-SHAPED MUSCLE THAT SEPARATES THE THORACIC CAVITY FROM THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY; PRIMARY MUSCLE FOR RESPIRATION
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DYSPNEA:
DIFFICULT OR LABORED BREATHING
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EMPHYSEMA:
AN OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, CAUSING DECREASED LUNG COMPLIANCE AND THE ALVEOLI TO LOSE THEIR SHAPE WHEN A PATIENT BREATHES OUT; USUALLY, EMPHYSEMA IS A RESULT OF LONG-TERM SMOKING OR POLLUTANT EXPOSURE
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EPIGLOTTIS:
A FLAP OF CARTILAGE AND OTHER TISSUES LOCATED ABOVE THE LARYNX. IT HELPS CLOSE OFF THE AIRWAY WHEN A PERSON SWALLOWS
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EXHALATION:
THE PROCESS OF BREATHING OUT
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EXTERNAL RESPIRATION:
THE GAS EXCHANGE PROCESS THAT OCCURS BETWEEN THE ALVEOLI AND THE SURROUNDING PULMONARY CAPILLARIES; THE OPPOSITE OF INTERNAL RESPIRATION, WHICH OCCURS BETWEEN CELLS AND CAPILLARIES
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GAG REFLEX:
A RETCHING ACTION, HACKING, OR VOMITING THAT IS INDUCED WHEN SOMETHING TOUCHES A CERTAIN LEVEL OF THE PATIENT'S THROAT
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GASTRIC DISTENTION:
INFLATION OF THE STOMACH
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GLOTTIS:
THE PASSAGEWAY INTO THE TRACHEA FROM THE PHARYNX
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HEAD-TILT/CHIN-LIFT MANEUVER:
TECHNIQUE USED TO OPEN THE AIRWAY OF A PATIENT WITH NO SUSPECTED NECK OR SPINE INJURY
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HEMOGLOBIN:
FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF RED BLOOD CELLS, HEMOGLOBIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PICKING UP THE MAJORITY OF OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD; MOSTLY MADE UP OF COMPLEX PROTEINS
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HYPOXIA:
A CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS AN INSUFFICIENT LEVEL OF OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD AND TISSUES
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HYPOXIC:
LACKING OXYGEN
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INDICATIONS OF INADEQUATE VENTILATIONS:
GASTRIC DISTENTION, CHEST DOES NOT RISE AND FALL WITH ARTIFICIAL VENTILATIONS, THE HEART RATE DOES NOT RETURN TO NORMAL, COLOR DOES NOT IMPROVE
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INHALATION:
THE PROCESS OF BREATHING IN. SEE INSPIRATION
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INSPIRATION:
REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF BREATHING IN, OR INHALING. OPPOSITE: EXPIRATION
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INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES:
MUSCLES LOCATED BETWEEN THE RIBS THAT MOVE AND ASSIST WITH BREATHING
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INTERCOSTAL:
BETWEEN THE RIBS
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INTERNAL RESPIRATION:
THE GAS EXCHANGE PROCESS THAT OCCURS BETWEEN THE CELLS AND THE SYSTEMIC CAPILLARIES
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JAW THRUST:
A METHOD OF OPENING THE AIRWAY BY DISPLACING THE JAW FORWARD; USED INSTEAD OF THE HEAD-TILT CHIN-LIFT IN PATIENTS WITH SPINAL TRAUMA
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JAW-THRUST MANEUVER:
TECHNIQUE USED TO OPEN THE AIRWAY OF A TRAUMA PATIENT WITH POSSIBLE NECK OR SPINE INJURY
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LARYNGECTOMY:
THE TOTAL OR PARTIAL REMOVAL OF THE LARYNX
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LARYNX:
THE SECTION OF THE AIRWAY BETWEEN THE THROAT AND THE TRACHEA THAT CONTAINS THE VOCAL CORDS. ALSO CALLED VOICE BOX
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NASOGASTRIC TUBE:
TUBE INSERTED INTO THE NOSE AND DOWN INTO THE STOMACH TO SUCTION POSSIBLE TOXINS AND OR ADMINISTER MEDICATIONS DIRECTLY INTO THE STOMACH
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NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY (NPA):
A FLEXIBLE TUBE THAT IS LUBRICATED AND THEN INSERTED INTO A PATIENT'S NOSE TO THE LEVEL OF THE NASOPHARYNX (BACK OF THE THROAT) TO PROVIDE AN OPEN AIRWAY, ALSO CALLED NASAL AIRWAY
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NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY:
AN AIRWAY DEVICE INSERTED INTO THE NOSE AND NASOPHARYNX
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NASOPHARYNX:
THE PART OF THE PHARYNX BEHIND THE NOSE
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OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY (OPA):
A CURVED BREATHING TUBE INSERTED INTO THE PATIENT'S MOUTH. IT WILL HOLD THE BASE OF THE TONGUE FORWARD. ALSO CALLED ORAL AIRWAY
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OROPHARYNX:
THE PART OF THE PHARYNX BEHIND THE MOUTH
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PATENT AIRWAY:
AN AIRWAY THAT IS OPEN AND CLEAR; AN OPEN AND SECURE AIRWAY
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PHARYNX:
THE PART OF THE AIRWAY BEHIND THE NOSE AND MOUTH DIVIDED INTO TWO REGIONS: THE NASO AND OROPHARYNX
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PLEURA:
COVERING OF THE LUNGS
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PLEURAL SPACE:
SPACE BETWEEN THE OUTER WALLS OF THE LUNGS
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PLEURITIS:
THE INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURA
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PNEUMOTHORAX:
COLLAPSE OF THE LUNG CAUSED BY AIR BUILD-UP IN THE CHEST
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POCKET FACE MASK:
A DEVICE USED TO HELP PROVIDE VENTILATION. IT HAS A CHIMNEY WITH A ONE-WAY VALVE AND HEPA FILTER. SOME HAVE AN INLET FOR SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN
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POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION:
THE PROCESS OF USING EXTERNAL PRESSURE TO FORCE AIR INTO A PATIENT'S LUNGS, SUCH AS WITH MOUTH-TO-MASK OR BAG-MASK VENTILATIONS
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PULMONARY EDEMA:
FLUID IN THE LUNGS
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PULMONARY EMBOLISM:
BLOCKAGE IN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF THE LUNGS; COULD BE CAUSED BY A FAT PARTICLE, BONE PIECE, BLOOD CLOT, OR FOREIGN OBJECT
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PULMONARY RESUSCITATION:
A TECHNIQUE BY WHICH BREATHS ARE PROVIDED TO A PATIENT IN AN ATTEMPT TO ARTIFICIALLY MAINTAIN NORMAL LUNG FUNCTION. ALSO CALLED RESCUE BREATHING OR ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
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PULSE OXIMERTY:
MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN SATURATION IN THE BLOODSTREAM; MEASURED BY THE INFRARED SIGNATURE OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS
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RESCUE BREATHING:
THE ACT OF PROVIDING POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATIONS FOR A PATIENT WHO HAS INADEQUATE RESPIRATIONS
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RESPIRATION:
THE ACT OF BREATHING; THE EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE THAT TAKES PLACE IN THE LUNGS
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RESPIRATORY ARREST
THE ABSENCE OF BREATHING
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RESPIRATORY COMPROMISE:
A GENERAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE WHEN A PATIENT IS NOT BREATHING ADEQUATELY
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RESPIRATORY DISTRESS:
REFERS TO BREATHING THAT BECOMES DIFFICULT OR LABORED
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RESPIRATORY FAILURE.
INABILITY OF THE BODY TO BRING IN ADEQUATE OXYGEN FOR THE METABOLIC PROCESS
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SEROUS FLUID:
FLUID THAT ACTS AS A LUBRICANT TO REDUCE FRICTION WHEN THE LAYERS OF THE PLEURA RUB AGAINST EACH OTHER DURING BREATHING
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SIGNS OF ADEQUATE VENTILATION:
GOOD CHEST RISE AND FALL, HEART RATE RETURNS TO NORMAL, SKIN COLOR IMPROVES
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SIGNS OF INADEQUATE BREATHING IN A PATIENT:
DIFFICULTY BREATHING; RATE TOO FAST, TOO SLOW, OR IRREGULAR, DIMINISHED OR ABSENT BREATH SOUNDS, UNEQUAL OR INADEQUATE CHEST EXPANSION; INCREASED EFFORT, CYANOSIS; NOISY RESPIRATIONS; A PATIENT IN THE TRIPOD POSITION; CHANGE IN THE LEVEL OF RESPONSIVENESS
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SIGNS OF INADEQUATE VENTILATION:
POOR CHEST RISE AND FALL, THE BELLY BEGINS TO DISTEND, HEART RATE DOES NOT CHANGE, CYANOSIS IS PRESENT OR GETS WORSE
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SIGNS OF MILD HYPOXIA:
TACHYPNEA; DYSPNEA; PALE, COOL, CLAMMY SKIN; TACHYCARDIA; ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE; RESTLESSNESS AND AGITATION; DISORIENTATION AND CONFUSION
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SIGNS OF SEVERE HYPOXIA:
TACHYPNEA, DYSPNEA, CYANOSIS, TACHYCARDIA THAT CAN LEAD TO DYSRHYTHMIAS, CONFUSION, LOSS OF COORDINATION, SLEEPY APPEARANCE, ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
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SNORING:
SOUND MADE BY A PARTIAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE UPPER AIRWAY; USUALLY CAUSED BY THE TONGUE
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STOMA:
ANY PERMANENT OPENING THAT HAS BEEN SURGICALLY MADE; THE OPENING IN THE NECK OF A NECK BREATHER
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STRIDOR:
HIGH-PITCHED WHEEZING SOUND INDICATING UPPER AIRWAY SWELLING OR OBSTRUCTION
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SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA:
TRAPPED AIR UNDER THE SKIN
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SUCKING CHEST WOUND:
OPEN WOUND THAT EXTENDS INTO THE LUNG CAVITY, CAUSING DEFLATION OF THE LUNG AND RESULTING IN A PNEUMOTHORAX
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SUCTION TIME:
NO MORE THAN 15 SECONDS IN AN ADULT
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TACHYPNEA:
SUSTAINED, FAST RESPIRATORY RATE IN EXCESS OF 20 BREATHS PER MINUTE
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TACHYPNIC:
RAPID BREATHING
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TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX:
CONDITION CAUSED BY THE COLLAPSE OF A LUNG, IN WHICH THE ORGANS IN THE CHEST BEGIN TO SHIFT INTO THE SPACE VACATED BY THE COLLAPSED LUNG
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TIDAL VOLUME:
THE AMOUNT OF AIR BEING MOVED IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS WITH EACH BREATH
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TRACHEA:
THE WINDPIPE, AND PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR FROM THE PHARYNX TO THE LUNGS
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TRACHEOSTOMY:
SURGICAL OPENING IN THE NECK, ENABLING A PATIENT WITH AN OCCLUDED AIRWAY TO BREATHE
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VENTILATION RATES FOR ADULT AND PEDIATRIC PATIENTS:
ADULT: 1 EVERY 5 SECONDS = 12 TIMES A MINUTE. PEDI: 1 EVERY 3 SECONDS = 20 TIMES A MINUTE.
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VENTILATION:
THE SUPPLYING OF AIR TO THE LUNGS. SEE PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
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WAYS TO ASSESS BREATHING IN A PATIENT:
LOOK: OBSERVE FOR ADEQUATE RISE AND FALL, RETRACTIONS. LISTEN: HOW DOES THE BREATHING SOUND? CAN THE PATIENT SPEAK? FEEL: FEEL THE AIR COMING OUT OF THE PATIENT, FEEL THE CHEST WALL RISE AND FALL. AUSCULTATE: LISTEN TO THE BREATH SOUNDS COMING IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS.
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ANGINA:
PAIN IN THE CHEST CAUSED BY A LACK OF SUFFICIENT BLOOD AND OXYGEN TO THE HEART MUSCLE
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CARDIAC COMPROMISE:
A GENERAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE SPECIFIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS THAT INDICATE SOME TYPE OF EMERGENCY RELATING TO THE HEART
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CONDUCTION PATHWAY:
THE ELECTRICAL PATHWAY WITHIN THE HEART
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HEART FAILURE:
A CONDITION THAT DEVELOPS WHEN THE HEART IS UNABLE TO PUMP BLOOD EFFICIENTLY, CAUSING A BACKUP OF BLOOD AND OTHER FLUIDS WITHIN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. ALSO MAY BE REFERRED TO AS CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI):
A CONDITION THAT RESULTS WHEN THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO A PORTION OF THE HEART IS INTERRUPTED. ALSO KNOWN AS A HEART ATTACK
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APNEA:
THE ABSENCE OF BREATHING; NOT BREATHING WOULD BE TERMED “APNIC”
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BRONCHOCONSTRICTION:
CONSTRICTION OF THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES
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BRONCHODILATOR:
A DRUG THAT RELAXES THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES
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DYSPNEA:
SHORTNESS OF BREATH OR PERCEIVED DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING
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HYPERCARBIA:
INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS IN THE BLOOD
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HYPOXEMIA:
DECREASED OXYGEN LEVELS IN THE BLOOD
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HYPOXIA:
THE ABSENCE OF SUFFICIENT OXYGEN IN THE BODY’S CELLS
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NASAL FLARING:
THE FLARING OF THE NOSTRILS WITH INHALATION, INDICATING THAT THE PATIENT IS BREATHING EXCEPTIONALLY HARD
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PALLOR:
PALE SKIN COLOR THAT IS A SIGN OF HYPOXIA AND RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; STATE THAT PRECEDES CYANOSIS
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PURSED LIPS:
PURSED-LIPS JUST BEFORE A PATIENT EXHALES; ALLOWS THE PATIENT TO BREATHE AGAINST PRESSURE THAT ALLOWS THE BRONCHIOLES TO STAY OPEN, MAKING THE NEXT BREATH EASIER
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RESPIRATORY DISTRESS:
INCREASED EFFORT OF BREATHING, RESULTING FROM IMPAIRED RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
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TRIPOD POSITION:
A POSITION IN WHICH THE PATIENT SITS UPRIGHT, LEANS SLIGHTLY FORWARD, AND SUPPORTS THE BODY WITH THE ARMS IN FRONT AND ELBOWS LOCKED; TYPICALLY MEANS THAT THE PATIENT IS IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS RESULTING FORM THE CONDITIONS IN WHICH THE CORONARY ARTERIES ARE NARROWED OR OCCLUDED
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AORTA:
THE MAJOR ARTERY THAT EXITS THE HEART AND DISTRIBUTES BLOOD TO THE BODY; ALL OTHER ARTERIES BRANCH OFF OF THE AORTA
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ARRHYTHMIA:
IRREGULAR HEART BEAT
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ARTERIOLE:
THE SMALLEST BRANCH OF AN ARTERY, CONNECTED TO THE CAPILLARY BED
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ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
THE PROCESS OF THE HARDENING OF ARTERIES IN WHICH PLAQUE BUILDS UP ON THE INSIDE OF THE VESSEL WALLS
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AUTOMATICITY:
THE ABILITY OF THE CARDIAC CELLS TO INITIATE AN IMPULSE ON THEIR OWN WITHOUT THE USE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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C.A.D:
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
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CARDIAC MUSCLES:
MAKES UP THE HEART WALLS (STIMULATES ITSELF)
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CARDIAC COMPROMISE:
REDUCED HEART FUNCTION CAUSED BY A CONDITION, DISEASE, OR INJURY AFFECTING THE HEART
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CARDIO ISCHEMIA:
HEART TISSUE DAMAGE
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CHF:
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
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CLASSIC SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIAC ISCHEMIA OR INFARCTION:
DULL SUBSTERNAL CHEST PAIN OR DISCOMFORT; RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; NAUSEA, VOMITING; AND DIAPHORESIS
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CONTRAINDICATIONS OF NITROGLYCERINE:
BP BELOW 100 SYSTOLIC; PATIENT HAS A HEAD INJURY OR IS NOT COMPETENT; PATIENT HAS USED VIAGRA, CIALIS OR LEVITRA WITHIN 24 HOURS.
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CORONARY ARTERIES:
THE ARTERIES SUPPLYING THE HEART WITH BLOOD
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DIAPHORESIS:
SWEATING
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MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE NECK:
CAROTID ARTERIES
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MAJOR VEINS OF THE NECK:
JUGULAR VEINS
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NITROGLYCERIN:
MEDICATION THAT DILATES THE BLOOD VESSELS, INCREASING BLOOD FLOW AND DECREASING THE WORKLOAD OF THE HEART
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NON-CLASSIC (ATYPICAL) SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIAC ISCHEMIA OR INFARCTION:
NECK ACHE; PRESSURE IN THE CHEST; PAINS IN THE BACK, BREAST OR UPPER ABDOMEN; TINGLING OF THE FINGERS; UNEXPLAINED FATIGUE OR WEIGHT GAIN; AND INSOMNIA
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PERFUSION:
THE DELIVERY OF OXYGEN AND OTHER NUTRIENTS, AND THE REMOVAL OF WASTES FROM THE CELLS OF THE BODY; ACCOMPLISHED BY CONSTANT ADEQUATE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY
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PULMONARY ARTERY:
VESSEL CARRYING OXYGEN-DEPLETED BLOOD FROM THE HEART’S RIGHT VENTRICLE TO THE LUNGS; THE ONLY ARTERY THAT CARRIES OXYGEN-DEPLETED BLOOD
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PULMONARY VEIN:
THE VESSEL THAT CARRIES OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS BACK TO THE HEART; THE ONLY VESSEL THAT CARRIES OXYGEN-RICH BLOOD
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK:
RAPID AND WEAK PULSE; PALE OR CYANOTIC SKIN; COOL, CLAMMY SKIN; RAPID, SHALLOW BREATHING; RESTLESSNESS AND ANXIETY; MENTAL DULLNESS OR CONFUSION; NAUSEA, VOMITING, AND THIRST; AND LOW OR DECREASED BLOOD PRESSURE (LATE SIGN)
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SIGNS OF CARDIAC COMPROMISE:
SQUEEZING DULL PAIN, SUDDEN ONSET OF SWEATING, DIFFICULTY BREATHING, ANXIETY OR IRRITABILITY, FEELING OF IMPENDING DOOM, ABNORMAL OR IRREGULAR PULSE RATE, DISCOMFORT IN THE ABDOMEN, AND NAUSEA OR VOMITING.
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STABLE ANGINA PECTORIS:
CHEST PAIN THAT IS DUE TO INCREASED OXYGEN DEMANDS PLACED ON THE HEART THAT GOES AWAY WITH REST OR NITROGLYCERIN
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THREE COMPONENTS THAT MAKE UP A CLOT:
PLATELETS: DISK SHAPED CELL FRAGMENTS. THROMBIN: A PROTEIN RESPONSIBLE FOR ACTIVATING THE FORMATION OF A CLOT. FIBRIN: STRANDS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAKING THE CLOT STRONGER.
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THROMBUS:
ANOTHER NAME FOR A CLOT
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UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS:
ANGINA PECTORIS MEANS CHEST PAIN, USUALLY DUE TO INCREASED OXYGEN DEMANDS PLACED ON THE HEART. IF THE PAIN CONTINUES WITH REST AND NITROGLYCERIN, IT IS TERMED UNSTABLE.
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VENAE CAVAE:
THE TWO MAJOR VEINS THAT CARRY OXYGEN-DEPLETED AND CARBON DIOXIDE-RICH BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART FOR TRANSPORT OUT TO THE LUNGS
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VENULE:
THE SMALLEST TYPE OF VEIN THAT GOES FROM THE CAPILLARIES AND CONNECTS TO VEINS
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ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK:
DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK IN WHICH CHEMICAL MEDIATORS CAUSE MASSIVE SYSTEMIC VASODILATATION AND PERMEABILITY IN THE CAPILLARIES
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ANGINA:
THE DISCOMFORT FELT WHEN THE HEART DOES NOT RECEIVE ENOUGH OXYGEN; COMMONLY EXPERIENCED AFTER EXERTION; THE PATIENT USUALLY FEELS BETTER WITH REST OR MEDICATION
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ARTERIES OF THE HEART:
CORONARY ARTERIES
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ASYSTOLE:
THE HEART RHYTHM THAT INDICATES NO PRESENCE OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE HEART
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AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR:
A DEVICE THAT CAN ANALYZE THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN A PATIENT’S HEART AND DELIVER AN ELECTRICAL SHOCK IF THE RHYTHM IS APPROPRIATE
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BLUE BLOATERS:
NICKNAME GIVEN TO PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC BRONCHITIS BECAUSE THEY ARE FREQUENTLY OVERWEIGHT AND CYANOTIC
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CARDIOGENIC SHOCK:
CAUSED BY INEFFECTIVE PUMP FUNCTION OF THE HEART, EITHER THROUGH ABNORMAL HEART RHYTHMS, DECREASED CONTRACTILITY, OR BETA/CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER OVERDOSE; TYPICALLY DEFINED AS A 40% DECREASE IN CARDIAC FUNCTION
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CHAIN OF SURVIVAL:
THE SERIES OF INTERVENTIONS THAT GIVE A PATIENT THE BEST CHANCE FOR SURVIVAL OF RESUSCITATION, KNOWN AS: EARLY ACCESS, CPR, DEFIBRILLATION, AND ACLS (ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT)
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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS:
A DISEASE THAT RESULTS IN THE EXCESS PRODUCTION OF MUCOUS FROM THE MUCUS SECRETING CELLS IN THE RESPIRATORY TREE, CAUSING AIRWAY BLOCKAGE AND RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
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COMPENSATORY SHOCK:
STAGE OF SHOCK IN WHICH A CASCADE OF ORGAN AND GLAND STIMULATION AND HORMONES INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE, RESTORES ARTERIAL WALL TENSION, AND MAINTAINS A NEAR NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE AND PERFUSION OF VITAL ORGANS
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COPD:
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
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DECOMPENSATORY SHOCK:
SHOCK IN WHICH THE BODY’S COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS ARE NO LONGER ABLE TO MAINTAIN A BLOOD PRESSURE AND PERFUSION
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DEFIBRILLATION:
ELECTRICAL IMPULSE SENT THROUGH A PATIENT’S BODY TO STOP ALL ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY SO THAT THE HEART’S NATURAL MECHANISMS CAN REORGANIZE AND RESTART THE HEART IN AN ORGANIZED, HOPEFULLY PERFUSING, MANNER
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DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE:
THE SMALL NUMBER IN THE BP; THE MEASUREMENT OF THE PRESSURE IN THE ARTERY WHEN THE VENTRICLES ARE AT REST
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DISEASES OF COPD:
EMPHYSEMA, CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, ASTHMA
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EMPHYSEMA:
A DISEASE IN WHICH THE WALLS OF THE ALVEOLI ARE DESTROYED AND SURFACE AREA DECREASES
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HEMOGLOBIN:
A PROTEIN THAT BINDS TO OXYGEN AND RELEASES IT FOR CELLULAR USE
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HORMONES RELEASED INTO THE BODY IN RESPONSE TO SHOCK:
EPINEPHRINE, NOREPINEPHRINE, VASOPRESSIN (ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE), ANGIOTENSIN II, ALDOSTERONE, GLUCAGON
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ISCHEMIA:
A DECREASE IN THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO AN ORGAN, BODY TISSUE, OR BODY PART OFTEN CAUSED BY CONSTRICTION OR OBSTRUCTION OF THE BLOOD VESSELS
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PINK PUFFERS:
NICKNAME GIVEN TO PEOPLE WITH EMPHYSEMA WHO HAVE TO KEEP THEIR LIPS PURSED TO KEEP THEIR ALVEOLI OPEN; THEY ARE TRADITIONALLY RED FROM AN EXCESS PRODUCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS
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PLASMA:
THE FLUID PART OF THE BLOOD THAT CARRIES THE BLOOD CELLS AND OTHER NUTRIENTS
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PLATELETS:
CELLS AND CELL FRAGMENTS THAT ARE ESSENTIAL IN FORMING CLOTS FOR THE BODY
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PNEUMONIA:
AN INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS, WHICH CAN BE CAUSED BY BACTERIA OR VIRUSES; TYPICALLY, A PATIENT HAS A PRODUCTIVE COUGH, CHILLS, AND A FEVER
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RALES:
SMALL, CLICKING, BUBBLING, OR RATTLING SOUNDS IN THE LUNG; THEY ARE BELIEVED TO OCCUR WHEN AIR OPENS CLOSED AIR SPACES; RALES CAN BE FURTHER DESCRIBED AS MOIST, DRY, FINE, AND COARSE
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RED BLOOD CELLS:
HOLD HEMOGLOBIN WHICH CARRIES OXYGEN TO CELLS
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RESPIRATORY RATES FOR ADULTS, CHILDREN, AND INFANTS:
ADULT: 12 TO 20 BREATHS A MINUTE. CHILD: 15 TO 30 BREATHS A MINUTE. INFANT: 25 TO 50 BREATHS A MINUTE
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RHONCHI:
SOUNDS THAT RESEMBLE SNORING; THEY OCCUR WHEN AIR IS BLOCKED OR BECOMES ROUGH THROUGH THE LARGE AIRWAYS, USUALLY BY THICK MUCUS SECRETIONS
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STRIDOR:
A WHEEZE-LIKE SOUND HEARD WHEN A PERSON EXHALES; USUALLY DUE TO A BLOCKAGE OF AIRFLOW IN THE WINDPIPE (TRACHEA) OR IN THE BACK OF THE THROAT
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SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE:
THE LARGER NUMBER IN THE BP; THE MEASUREMENT OF THE PRESSURE IN THE ARTERY WHEN THE VENTRICLES ARE CONTRACTING
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THE ROUTE THAT BLOOD TAKES THROUGH THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART:
RIGHT ATRIUM, RIGHT VENTRICLE TO THE LUNGS. LEFT ATRIUM, LEFT VENTRICLE TO THE BODY, AND BACK.
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THE ROUTE THAT BLOOD TAKES THROUGH THE VALVES OF THE HEART:
TPBA: TRICUSPID, PULMONARY, TO THE LUNGS. BICUSPID, AORTIC, TO THE BODY, AND BACK AGAIN
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VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION:
A CHAOTIC, ELECTRICAL RHYTHM IN THE VENTRICLES WHERE THERE IS NO CONTRACTION, OR BLOOD PUMPING; A LETHAL RHYTHM.
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VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA:
THREE OR MORE HEART BEATS IN A ROW AT 100 BEATS OR MORE PER MINUTE ORIGINATING IN THE VENTRICLES AND OVERRIDING THE NORMAL PACEMAKER IN THE HEART; A PULSE MAY OR MAY NOT BE PRESENT
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WHEEZING:
HIGH-PITCHED SOUNDS PRODUCED BY NARROWED AIRWAYS; THEY CAN BE HEARD WHEN A PERSON EXHALES; WHEEZING AND OTHER ABNORMAL SOUNDS CAN SOMETIMES BE HEARD WITHOUT A STETHOSCOPE
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WHITE BLOOD CELLS:
CELLS IN THE BLOOD THAT FIGHT AGAINST INFECTION
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ACCESSORY MUSCLES:
MUSCLES OF THE NECK, CHEST, AND ABDOMEN THAT CAN ASSIST DURING RESPIRATORY DIFFICULTY
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APNEIC:
A TERM REFERRING TO PATIENTS WHO ARE NOT BREATHING
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ASTHMA:
A CONDITION AFFECTING THE LUNGS, CHARACTERIZED BY NARROWING OF THE AIR PASSAGES AND WHEEZING
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ASYSTOLE:
NO PULSE AND NO HEART BEAT
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BRONCHITIS:
A CONDITION OF THE LUNGS CHARACTERIZED BY INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS AND MUCUS FORMATION; A FORM OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD); INFLAMMATION OF BRONCHIAL AIRWAYS
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CARINA:
THE POINT AT WHICH THE TRACHEA DIVIDES INTO THE TWO MAIN-STEM BRONCHI
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CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD):
A GENERAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A GROUP OF LUNG DISEASE THAT COMMONLY CAUSE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AND SHORTNESS OF BREATH
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COMPLIANCE:
A MEASURE OF THE ELASTICITY OF THE LUNGS
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CYANOSIS:
THE BLUISH DISCOLORATION OF THE TISSUES CAUSED BY A LACK OF SUFFICIENT OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD; BLOOD TISSUES ARE NOT GETTING ENOUGH OXYGEN (TURNS BLUE)
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DYSPNEA:
SHORTNESS OF BREATH
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ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE:
A TUBE PLACED INTO THE TRACHEA TO INCREASE THE DELIVERY OF OXYGEN TO THE LUNGS AND DECREASE THE POSSIBILITY OF ASPIRATION
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EPIGASTRIUM:
THE AREA DIRECTLY OVER THE STOMACH
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EXTUBATION:
THE REMOVAL OF A TUBE
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FAIL CHEST:
FAILURE OF TWO OR MORE ADJACENT RIBS BROKEN IN TWO OR MORE PLACES
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GLOTTIC OPENING:
THE ANATOMIC SPACE BETWEEN THE VOCAL CORDS, LEADING TO THE TRACHEA
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HYPERCARBIA:
AN ABNORMALLY HIGH LEVEL OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE BLOOD
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HYPERVENTILATION:
A TEMPORARY CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY UNCONTROLLED, RAPID, DEEP BREATHING THAT IS USUALLY SELF-CORRECTING; OFTEN CAUSED BY ANXIETY BUT MAY HAVE MORE SERIOUS CAUSES AS WELL
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HYPOXIA:
AN INADEQUATE SUPPLY OF OXYGEN
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MURPHY’S EYE:
A SMALL HOLE IN THE SIDE OF AN ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE THAT PROVIDES A PASSAGE OF AIR IF THE TIP OF THE TUBE SHOULD BECOME CLOGGED
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OPEN PNEUMOTHORAX:
HOLE IN CHEST
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PULMONARY EDEMA:
LUNGS FILLING WITH BLOOD
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RESPIRATORY COMPROMISE:
A GENERAL TERM REFERRING TO THE INABILITY OF A PERSON TO BREATHE ADEQUATELY
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RESPIRATORY DISTRESS:
THE BODY'S NORMAL RESPONSE TO NOT GETTING AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY OF OXYGEN. ALSO CALLED DYSPNEA
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RESPIRATORY FAILURE:
A RESPIRATORY CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY ALTERED MENTAL STATUS, SLOW RESPIRATORY RATE, AND SHALLOW TIDAL VOLUME; OCCURS WHEN THE BODY'S NORMAL ABILITY TO COMPENSATE FOR INADEQUATE OXYGEN FAILS
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SELLICK’S MANEUVER:
PLACING PRESSURE ON THE CRICOID RING IN AN ATTEMPT TO COLLAPSE THE ESOPHAGUS AND MAKE THE AIRWAY MORE VISIBLE
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STERNAL NOTCH:
THE ANATOMIC NOTCH CREATED BY THE CLAVICLES AND THE STERNUM
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STRIDOR:
A HARSH SOUND HEARD DURING BREATHING THAT INDICATES AN UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
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TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX:
TRAPPED AIR PUSHES ON HEART AND LUNGS
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TIME LIMIT TO INTUBATE:
30 SECONDS
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TRIPOD POSITION:
A BODY POSITION CHARACTERIZED BY THE PERSON SITTING FORWARD WITH HANDS ON KNEES
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VALLECULA:
THE ANATOMIC SPACE BETWEEN THE BASE OF THE TONGUE AND THE EPIGLOTTIS
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WHEEZING:
A COURSE WHISTLING SOUND OFTEN HEARD IN THE LUNGS WHEN A PATIENT WITH RESPIRATORY COMPROMISE EXHALES. MAY ALSO BE HEARD ON INSPIRATION
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DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK :
ASSOCIATED WITH A DECREASE IN INTRAVASCULAR VOLUME CAUSED BY MASSIVE SYSTEMIC VASODILATION AND AN INCREASE IN CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY
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HEMORRHAGIC HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK:
SHOCK CAUSED BY LOW BLOOD VOLUME; COULD BE BLEEDING SOMEWHERE OR A BURN RESULTING IN FLUID LOSS
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HYPOPERFUSION:
ALSO KNOWN AS SHOCK, OR INADEQUATE TISSUE PERFUSION
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IRREVERSIBLE SHOCK:
STAGE IN WHICH INTERVENTIONS CANNOT PREVENT THE ADVANCE OF SHOCK TO DEATH
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METABOLIC OR RESPIRATORY SHOCK:
A DYSFUNCTION IN THE ABILITY OF OXYGEN TO DIFFUSE INTO THE BLOOD, BE CARRIED BY HEMOGLOBIN OFF-LOAD AT THE CELL, OR BE USED EFFECTIVELY BY THE CELL FOR METABOLISM; EXAMPLES INCLUDE CYANIDE, AND CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
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NEUROGENIC SHOCK:
A TYPE OF DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK THAT RESULTS FROM A MASSIVE VASODILATION, USUALLY FROM AN INSULT TO THE SPINAL CORD; CAN ALSO BE CALLED VASOGENIC SHOCK
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NONHEMORRHAGIC HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK:
SHOCK CAUSED BY LOSS OF FLUID FROM THE INTRAVASCULAR SPACE WITH RED BLOOD CELLS AND HEMOGLOBIN REMAINING WITHIN THE VESSELS; TYPICALLY CAUSED BY BURNS
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OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK:
RESULTS FROM A CONDITION THAT OBSTRUCTS FORWARD BLOOD FLOW; THE VOLUME IS ADEQUATE AND THE VESSELS ARE OF NORMAL SIZE WITH NORMAL RESISTANCE, BUT A BLOCKAGE DOES NOT ALLOW THE BODY TO BECOME PERFUSED; EXAMPLES ARE: TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX, PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE, OR A PULMONARY EMBOLISM
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PULSELESS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY (PEA):
A CONDITION IN WHICH THE HEART GENERATES RELATIVELY NORMAL ELECTRICAL RHYTHMS BUT FAILS TO PERFUSE THE BODY ADEQUATELY DUE TO DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT, EITHER FROM BLOOD LOSS OR CARDIAC MUSCLE FAILURE
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REASONS FOR CARDIOGENIC SHOCK:
CHF, MI, = DECREASED PUMP FUNCTION, ABNORMAL CARDIAC RHYTHM, OR BETA BLOCKERS/CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS OVERDOSE, RESULTING IS DECREASED MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION
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REASONS FOR DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK:
SEPSIS/INFECTION, ANAPHYLAXIS REACTION, OR NEUROGENIC INSULT THAT CAUSES SYSTEMIC VESSEL DILATION
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REASONS FOR HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK:
HEMORRHAGIC: BLEEDING OUT OF SOMEWHERE. NONHEMORRHAGIC: LOSS OF A LOT OF FLUID ALL AT ONCE, USUALLY COMES FROM A BURN.
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REASONS FOR METABOLIC/RESPIRATORY SHOCK:
DISTURBANCE IN OXYGEN DIFFUSION, CARRYING, OFF-LOADING OR USE BY THE CELLS
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REASONS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK:
FROM TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX, PULMONIC EMBOLISM, OR PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE
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RETURN OF SPONTANEOUS CIRCULATION (ROSC):
SPONTANEOUS PULSES RETURNING DURING RESUSCITATION EFFORTS
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SEPTIC SHOCK:
A TYPE OF DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK CAUSED BY AN INFECTION THAT RELEASES BACTERIA OR TOXINS INTO THE BLOOD, CAUSING PERMEABILITY OF CAPILLARIES AND FLUID LOSS
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SHOCK:
INADEQUATE TISSUE PERFUSION, OFTEN REFERRED TO AS HYPOPERFUSION; ANY TIME THERE IS INSUFFICIENT SUPPLY OF OXYGEN AND OTHER NUTRIENTS TO THE BODY CELLS RESULTING FROM INADEQUATE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD