A detailed physical exam should be done ___________________.
Only after critical interventions
To determine the method of injury
On an unconscious patient before anything else
Only by medical staff in a hospital setting
Question 2
of
80
A man has both legs burned on the front and back, along with the fronts of both arms. Approximately what percentage of his body was burned?
50 percent
54 percent
45 percent
36 percent
Question 3
of
80
A part of the protocols that are to be completed before contacting medical direction are known as?
Standing orders
Standard of care
Standard of practice
Required care
Question 4
of
80
A sphygmomanometer is used to measure?
Blood pressure
Spaces between Q - R and S waves
Distance of skid marks
Depth of laceration
Question 5
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80
AHA CPR/ AED Guidelines advise doing what after the first shock?
Checking the pulse and rhythm of the patient
Analyzing again and potentially giving up to 2 more shocks
None of the options are correct are appropriate
Resuming CPR for 5 cycles approximately 2 minutes
Question 6
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80
Before applying a sling to an elbow dislocation you should?
Check the PMS
Do a detailed physical exam
Align the elbow so it pops back in place
Make sure there are no laceration
Question 7
of
80
CPR is in progress on an 35 year old woman who has fallen down an escalator. She has no pulse and chest compressions have been started. Current AHA guidelines specify that this woman should receive approximately how many compressions over a period of 3 minutes?
290 compressions
110 compressions
306 compressions
400 compressions
Question 8
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80
Fluid that accumulates in the lungs makes the transfer of oxygen more difficult as the alveoli are partitioned by the fluid this is called?
Pulmonary edema
Alveoli failure
Respiratory emesis
Paradoxical flux
Question 9
of
80
Negligence is:
Deviating from the standard of care expected from your level of certification
An action that results in pain or injury to the patient
Found when one of four criteria is met
Not providing care to an injured person
Question 10
of
80
Perfusion is defined as?
How well a person's skin looks during assessment
The movement of blood through the tissues
Movement of waste product through the intestines
The death of cells
Question 11
of
80
Scene safety is compromised by doing what?
Waiting for the fire department to contain a flammable spill
Doing a full scene size up
Obeying traffic laws on your way to the scene
Entering the scene of a shooting before police have it secured
Question 12
of
80
The assessment based approach allows you to rule out life threats and then ________________.
Treat the patient's complaints
None of the options are correct
Diagnose the patient's illness
Repeat your assessment
Question 13
of
80
The bevel of a nasopharyngeal should be inserted ___________.
Only after lubing with petroleum jelly
Away from the septum
Toward the septum
To the base of the carina
Question 14
of
80
The exchange of gases in the lungs is called _________________.
Expiration
Inhalation
Ventilation
Respiration
Question 15
of
80
What letter from the DCAPBTLS mnemonic would you associate with finding that your patient has a pencil jammed into their leg about 2 inches deep?
D
A
C
P
Question 16
of
80
When asking the patient,"Does the pain move anywhere else?" This question refers to what part of the assessment?
Pertinent medical history
Provocation
Radiation
Pain reference
Question 17
of
80
Which of the following is not considered a vital sign?
BP
Respirations
Skin
Pulse
Question 18
of
80
Who is responsible for developing protocols for an EMS system?
State EMS Control
National EMS control
Department of Transportation (DOT)
Medical director
Question 19
of
80
You and your partner Greg are performing CPR on a 22 year old man who was in a motorcycle accident. Your CPR will utilize:
Chest compressions at 30 a minute with one breath every 10 seconds
Compressions one third to one half the depth of the chest with one breath every 3-5 seconds
About 6 breaths per minute with a tidal volume enough to give adequate chest rise
12 to 20 breaths per minute with a tidal volume of 800ml each breath
Question 20
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80
You arrive on scene of an unknown medical to find a man and a woman unconscious in their kitchen. You are finishing a rapid trauma assessment on the woman when your partner says she smells something odd and is feeling dizzy. Your best course of action would be to:
See if your partner can identify the odor
Remove yourself from the scene and advise dispatch of the situation
Place both patients on high flow O2 and pull them out of the house
Call dispatch and request hazmat assistance while maintaining the patient's airway
Question 21
of
80
You arrive on scene to find a 35 year old man lying prone in the bathroom. He is not alert and you log roll him with c-spine stabilization into a supine position. Your next course of action would be?
Give him a sternal rub to check for consciousness
Check pulse and apply AED
Manually open the airway
AED - SAMPLE
Question 22
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80
You arrive on scene with your partner Joe to find an 7 year old boy unconscious after being dragged from the water. He is not breathing and has no pulse. CPR in this case should include________________.
30:1 compression to ventilation ratio
30:2 compression to ventilation ratio
5:1 compression to ventilation ratio
15:2 compression to ventilation ratio
Question 23
of
80
You have been called to a home where a 1-year-old girl is in respiratory distress, possible apnea. The caregiver called 911 after finding the girl on the floor in front of the TV. She does not know if the child is breathing or not. Which of the following choices below contains the most accurate facts related to this call?
Children may have anterior displacement of the tongue which can cause an airway obstruction. CPR should include delicate compressions to avoid rib fractures.
Children have a large tongue that takes up more
Children have smaller airways that are often blocked by toys and rarely occluded with mucus or swelling. If you suspect a foreign body airway obstruction, try to visually locate the object and remove it if possible.
Children have ridged tracheal cartilage and a short epiglottis that can easily block the airway. During CPR the neck should be slightly hyperextended to account for this difference.
Question 24
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80
Your partner Alex is assessing a patient who was a player in a hockey game. Alex thinks the man likely has a fractured zygoma. From this you would gather that the patient has been struck where?
Right below the sternum
Spine
Ankle
Cheek
Question 25
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80
Your partner Ruben has just asked a patient "Is the pain stationary in that one spot?" What part of the SAMPLE history is he assessing?
None of the options are correct
Provocation
Pertinent medical history
Onset
Question 26
of
80
A wound to the leg that resulted in heavy bleeding of bright red blood could be controlled by what?
Pressure to the femoral artery
Pressure over the brachial vein
Pressure to the knee
Pressure to the femoral artery
Question 27
of
80
You are cleaning the back of your ambulance outside the hospital emergency room when a man walks up to you holding his stomach. He tells you that he is hurting really bad and asks if you can help him. What is the best response in this situation?
Have him sit on your stretcher and begin assessing him for any obvious life threats
Call dispatch and report a walk up medical and give your location
Tell him to walk down to the door marked 'Emergency Room' and talk to the lady at the front desk
Assist him into the Emergency Room and help him to the Triage area
Question 28
of
80
The autonomic nervous system is _____________.
Responsible for offload of oxygen
An automatic subdivision of the central nervous system
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system
Responsible for offload of oxygen
Question 29
of
80
The cardiovascular system consists of the_____________.
Lungs and heart
Heart and spinal cord
Heart and brain
Heart and vessels
Question 30
of
80
Which of the following would cause a person to become hypovolemic?
Cut to the hand that is uncontrolled
Dehydration on a hot day
All of the options are correct
Slow GI bleed
Question 31
of
80
You arrive on scene to a MCI vehicle accident involving multiple vehicles. Your triaged patient is a 4 year old boy who has multiple fractures and is pulseless. You and your partner begin CPR:
At a ratio of 15:2 with a compression depth of one third the diameter of the chest
With chest compressions at a rate of 30:2 with one breath every 3-5 seconds
With 12 to 20 breaths per minute with a tidal volume of 800ml for each breath
At a rate of 100 compressions per minute with one breath every 5-6 seconds
Question 32
of
80
The majority of cardiac medical emergencies are the result of what?
Poor diet
Embolism and thrombosis
Old age
Reduced blood supply to the myocardium
Question 33
of
80
Which of the following would be a sign that CPR may not be necessary?
Stiff neck and jaw
Core cyanosis
No pulse or respirations
The patient is unconscious
Question 34
of
80
Respirations in a preschool aged child would be considered normal at ___________.
35 breaths per minute
24 breaths per minute
16 breaths per minute
32 breaths per minute
Question 35
of
80
You and your partner find an adult male pulseless and apneic. At what rate should your CPR compressions be delivered?
At least 90 compressions per minute
170 compressions per minute
60-80 compressions per minute
109 compressions per minute
Question 36
of
80
You arrive on scene to find a 64 year old male complaining of shortness of breath. He is using accessory muscles to breath and is in the tripod position. As you kneel down beside him you notice a cylinder of oxygen near his chair. From this scene size up information you might assume that?
He has COPD
He has an upper airway obstruction
He was exercising
He is a welder
Question 37
of
80
A patient who is competent may:
Tell you what to do
Refuse treatment
Gain power of attorney over EMS providers
Have lost control of their bladder
Question 38
of
80
A child is breathing at 32 breaths per minute. This would be considered ______________.
Above range
Bradypneic
Below range
In range
Question 39
of
80
You and your partner Shelly are called to the scene of a single car MVA with two patients. The reporting party told dispatch that one of the patients is unconscious in the car and the other is out of the car and conscious, but bleeding badly from his face. You arrive to find that the man in the car is actually dead and the other man is standing up against a bystander's car. According to the NREMT Patient Assessment/Management - Trauma Skill Sheet what would be the most appropriate treatment for this patient?
Verbalize general impression of the patient, Determine chief complaint/apparent life threats, Make a transport decision, and get a set of baseline vitals
Determine chief complaint, do a secondary assessment, Treat ABC's, and then make a transport decision based on the vitals
BSI, Treat any life threats, Do a detailed focused exam, Check vital signs and make a transport decision
Consider stabilization of the spine, Perform a primary survey and make a transport decision, then do a secondary assessment
Question 40
of
80
All of the following are functions of the Patient Care Report except:
Education
Essential research record
Diagnosis
Administrative information
Question 41
of
80
Without any further information, what condition would you say the following patient is in? A 1-year-old male with a pulse rate of 110, breathing at 30 breaths per minute, with a systolic BP of 90.
Good
Poor
Bad
Moderate
Question 42
of
80
Which of the following would be an advised method of asserting your authority with a patient who appears aggressive?
Tell them you will call the police if they don't mellow out
Tell them you will sedate them if they don't mellow out
Keep your eye level above that of the patient's
Tell them you are on the EMS boxing team
Question 43
of
80
What should be palpated in an infant when checking the pulse?
Brachial artery
Carotid artery
Femoral artery
Radial artery
Question 44
of
80
You and your partner Bob are called to the scene of a man down. The report said the man has no pulse and that family members are doing CPR. Upon arriving at the scene what 3 things are you going to do first?
Hook up the AED, open their airway, and insert an adjunct
Open their airway, tell the bystander to stop CPR, and put your gloves on
Question the bystanders, direct them to stop CPR, and check for pulse
Attach the AED, tell everyone to stand back, and hit the analyze button
Question 45
of
80
You arrive on scene with your partner Emilio to find a woman who is having problems breathing. She is speaking in 1 or 2 word bursts and is on oxygen at 3 liters per minute. There is an ashtray next to her bed loaded with cigarette butts. She says her care taker called the ambulance and she does not want you there. She says she will allow you to take her vitals but then you have to leave. Her BP is 100/60 her pulse is 48 and her respirations are 18. She says she is 89 years old and has a pacemaker and is on high blood pressure medication. "I just want to be old, please leave", she says. What should you do?
Tell the care giver to quit calling and giving false alarms
Respect her wishes and leave, asking her to please call if she needs medical attention
Transport her to the ER. Her vitals dictate that you must
Prepare to bag her and transport when she eventually passes out
Question 46
of
80
When transporting a patient who is in cardiac arrest, the use of sirens and lights is?
Advised by the DOT
For moving quickly and safely through traffic
A necessity
Recommended for comfort
Question 47
of
80
You are called to a local river where a rafting trip has turned bad. A family of 5 was dumped into the river after their raft capsized, only 3 of them made it to shore. As you arrive on scene, a woman and a young boy are brought up from a rescue raft. The search and rescue crew say the victims were under water about 15 minutes. The woman does not have a pulse, but the boy does. What will your ventilation rate be for the woman? What about the boy?
30 compressions to 2 ventilations per minute
10-12 ventilations per minute for the woman / 12-20 ventilations per minute for the boy
12-20 ventilations per minute for the woman / 15-30 ventilations per minute for the boy
6 ventilations per minute for the woman / 12-20 ventilations for the boy
Question 48
of
80
What is Hyperthermia?
The body getting too cold
The body having too much blood
The body getting too hot
None of the options are correct
Question 49
of
80
What is the best way to assess a patient's temperature?
Your lips
The back of your hand
The index and middle finger
Looking at their skin
Question 50
of
80
It's 8 a.m., you and your partner Raymond are called to a multiple car collision on a busy side street. You arrive on scene and can see at least 6 patients. The cars are a twisted mess and are covering one whole lane of traffic with multiple fluids pooling around the cars. You can hear people crying and traffic is already starting to move around and by the wreck. You should...?
Inform the patients that you are not allowed by law to enter the zone until it is made safe by law enforcement
Triage the most critically injured first and then extricate them in order of severity
Begin extrication of the patients while your partner calls for more ambulances
Get the fire department in route, establish a safety zone, and assist in keeping traffic at a safe distance
Question 51
of
80
How much blood loss is considered serious in an adult patient?
100cc
500cc
300cc
1000cc
Question 52
of
80
Which question would help you determine the patient's chief complaint?
What can I do for you?
Who called the ambulance?
When did the emergency start?
What day is it?
Question 53
of
80
You are called to the scene of a shooting where the scene has been cleared by law enforcement. Upon approaching the patient you notice a gaping chest wound and hear the sound of air rushing out of the wound. Treatment for this injury would include?
C-spine for possible spinal injury and a nasal cannula at 16 lpm
Direct pressure and elevation of the pelvis
A three sided occlusive dressing and rapid transport
A lot of dressing
Question 54
of
80
S in the SAMPLE history stands for?
Significant
Signs
Superficial
Severity
Question 55
of
80
When assessing a newborn you would use what scale?
APGAR
LEAN
AVPU
PARAG
Question 56
of
80
Dispatch has reported a possible heart attack and bystanders are doing CPR. A 46-year-old woman was out mowing her lawn when neighbors saw her fall straight to the ground. You arrive to find two people doing what appears to be effective CPR. According to the AHA, What should you do after taking BSI precautions?
The following are signs of potentially life threatening respiratory problems in adults. Which is the most ominous sign?
Altered mental status
1 or 2 word dyspnea
Audible stridor
Diaphoresis
Question 59
of
80
Nasal flaring is a sign of what?
Respiratory distress in children
Anger in intoxicated patients
Clogged nasal passages
Dehydration
Question 60
of
80
In 20 seconds of CPR you should deliver approximately how many chest compressions?
12 compressions
55 compressions
23 compressions
34 compressions
Question 61
of
80
The Adam's apple is also known as?
The thyroid cartilage
The cricoid cartilage
The vallecula
The mastoid cartilage
Question 62
of
80
A hernia is caused by:
Twisting the elbow toward the midline
Eating foods high in iron
A rupture in the muscle tissue of the calves
Straining the abdominal muscles
Question 63
of
80
You arrive on scene with your partner Jason to a multiple vehicle accident where you are the 2nd ambulance to arrive. Scene size up indicates there are 7 patients in 3 cars all requiring extrication. In the first car is a 27 year old woman who is 32 weeks pregnant, conscious, and crying, a 12 year old girl who is screaming and complaining of back pain, and an 8 year old boy who has a facial laceration and open fracture of the tibia who is also conscious but breathing very shallow. In the second car is an 86 year old man who is slumped against the steering wheel with no pulse and has a piece of metal impaled through his head. In the third car are 3 teenagers 17 years of age. The two in the front seat are complaining of neck pain and appear to have an altered level of consciousness. Neither of them were wearing a seatbelt and both have contusions on their foreheads. In the back seat is the last occupant, a girl who said she was having a seizure and vomiting earlier so her friends were taking her to the hospital. She was wearing her seat belt and has no sign of injury. Who should be receiving treatment first?
The 86 year old man
The 8 year old boy
The vomiting teenager
The pregnant woman
Question 64
of
80
You and your partner Maria have just started CPR on a 23 year old MVA victim. According to AHA CPR guidelines how often should you change compressor roles?
Every 1 minute
Every 2 minutes
Every 5 minutes
Every 10 minutes
Question 65
of
80
When a baby is born breech what will be the presentation?
The head emerging from the vagina first
Butt or feet first
The placenta emerging first
The back of the head presenting first
Question 66
of
80
Anatomically, a child's airway is just like a little adult's, EXCEPT?
The tongue is smaller and the adenoids are not present
The tongue is larger in proportion to their body and the cricoid cartilage is smaller
The tongue is larger in proportion to their body and their uvula is not developed yet
The vallecula is not developed yet
Question 67
of
80
You are transporting a 27-year-old female who was the driver in a single car MVA on a remote logging road. She is on oxygen at 12LPM and had an actively bleeding laceration on her scalp that has been controlled with pressure. Her pulse is 100 with respirations of 12 a minute and her blood pressure is 110/70. You are still 30 to 40 minutes from the hospital. According to the NREMT trauma management skill sheet, which of the following answer choices contains the best treatment for this patient given the circumstances.
Put a C-collar on her and re-assess vitals every 15 minutes en route
Assess airway, breathing, and circulation every 5 minutes until arrival at the hospital
Reassess and treat any conditions that present
Perform a secondary assessment of the laceration to make sure bleeding has stopped
Question 68
of
80
The heart muscle has the ability to contract without neural stimulation. This is called?
Diastole
Automaticity
Contractility
Autonetronic
Question 69
of
80
The rule of 9's helps?
Distinguish electrical - from thermal and chemical burns
Identify the extensiveness of a burn
Tell how much pain a person is feeling
Give the hospital enough time to set up the necessary equipment
Question 70
of
80
Why would inserting a suction catheter into the mouth with the suction active be incorrect?
You were not taught to do it that way
Big chunks are often at the top and will clog the suction before you get deep enough
You may cause the patient to aspirate the contents of the mouth
It depletes the patient's oxygen supply
Question 71
of
80
Which set contains parts of the lower airway only?
Trachea, alveoli, bronchi, and bronchioles
Pharynx, larynx, lungs, and diaphragm
Nose, alveoli, bronchi, and diaphragm
Mouth, epiglottis, trachea, and bronchi
Question 72
of
80
Your patient is the victim of a moderate speed MVA. The patient is unconscious and not breathing. You attempt to open their airway with a jaw thrust maneuver and are unsuccessful. What should you do next?
Use the head tilt chin lift maneuver
Move the patient to a supine position and again attempt to open their airway with the jaw thrust maneuver
Put in an OPA and prepare to suction
Use the jaw thrust maneuver again
Question 73
of
80
In a conscious patient you will likely stimulate a ____________ if you touch the soft palate.
All of the options are correct
Gag reflex
More patent airway
Higher pulse rate
Question 74
of
80
You are dispatched to an elementary school for a fall. As you approach the scene, you note that a child is lying beneath the swing set. He appears apneic, unconscious, and is not moving. You should:
Take manual cervical stabilization and attempt to open his airway.
Place him in the recovery position to protect his airway.
Immediately begin rescue breathing.
Assess his respiratory function.
Question 75
of
80
You arrive on scene to find another EMS crew doing CPR on a 60 year old woman. What is the best indicator that ventilations are being performed correctly.
There is adequate chest rise and fall
The BVM is fully compressed
The patient's skin color is pink
You can feel a pulse in the carotid artery
Question 76
of
80
As a lone rescuer you are preparing to perform ventilations, why would you choose a mouth to mask device rather than a bag mask?
It provides a higher concentration of oxygen
Because it is more sanitary
You are proving a smaller volume of air
You are able to achieve a better seal
Question 77
of
80
A 27 year old man and his 4 year old nephew have been pulled from a river after being submerged for approximately 12 minutes. Rescue breathing for the man should include breaths at what rate? Rescue breathing for the child should include breaths at what rate?
1 breath every 5-6 seconds for the man / 1 breath every 3-5 seconds for the child
1 breath every 3-5 seconds for the man / 1 breath every 5-6 seconds for the child
10-12 breaths per minute for the man / 20-30 breaths per minute for all children
12-20 breaths per minute for the man / 10-12 breaths per minute for the child
Question 78
of
80
Apnea is defined as?
Slow breathing
Fast breathing
Poor breathing
The absence of breathing
Question 79
of
80
Which of the following patients is bradypnic? Patient 1 is a 19- year-old male with a respiratory rate of 9 breaths per minute, patient 2 is a 6 month old boy with a rate of 40, patient 3 is an 11-year-old girl with a respiratory rate of 20, and patient 4 is a 51-year-old female with a respiratory rate of 20.
Patient 2
Patient 1
Patient 4
Patient 3
Question 80
of
80
With regard to maintaining a child's airway which of the following would be true?
It takes up less of the mouth in proportion to an adult
A towel under the shoulders will help put the airway in alignment
Use an OPA measured from the corner of the nose to the ear lobe